THE MYTH, SCIENCE AND RELIGION ON NATURE AND ORIGIN OF HUMANS AND THE EXISTENCE OF ALIENS

 THE MYTH, SCIENCE AND RELIGION ON NATURE AND ORIGIN OF HUMANS AND THE EXISTENCE OF ALIENS 

Apiov  Lwiwa

Jordan University College;

 Email: apiovlwiwa89@gmail.com; 

ORCID ID:0000-0002-0808-0960; 

Tel No.: +255 0754 710 195

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to investigate the nature of humans in terms of their origin and their constitutive makeup; based on mystical narratives, scientific facts as well as religious teachings and belief. However, the myth aspect will guide us on different narratives like the famous Sumerian’s story that humans were created in laboratory somewhere in Africa. Also the question about other beings such as aliens or extraterrestrial beings from other spaces; whereas, for a long time are considered as the mysterious creatures with super minds more than humans. In religious perspective, the paper highlights the famous creation story that humans (Adam and Eve) were created by God in his image and likeness. Nevertheless, this paper shows how much such religious belief and other teachings are found in some ancient society. Finally, in scientific aspect, the paper presents the evolution theory of Charles Darwin, which maintains that humans are product of lower apes family animal and they evolve towards the advanced specie within time and space.  

INRODUCTION

Human nature is one of controversial ongoing debate to scientists, philosophers, anthropologists, historians, theologians, researchers and others. From the antiquity times to date, scholars asked about the constituent materials used to form humans—some have argued that humans constituted with soul and body, others have argued on pure spiritual being, some like Darwinism believes in materialistic nature and so on. Some theologians had for centuries through the study known as pneumatology—written on the nature of spirits, divine, angelic and human whereas later on Thomas Reid (1710 96), who lectured on pneumatology at King’s College, Aberdeen from 1752 to 1764, describes the subject as “the branch [of philosophy] which treats of the nature and operations of minds”, and adds that though we are in no position to say how many varieties of mind there may be in the universe, we do at least have certain knowledge of three, the brute animal, the human and the divine. However, later on this study focused on the human mind because that is the kind of mind into which we have the most insight. The most investigations were on the human mind and its powers

 Moreover, it was, however, those researches are unfortunately they were not very much concerned with the aliens—a human like species who believed to come from other galaxies or spaces to indoctrinating higher intelligence to humans. Apparently, these mysterious creatures are also associated with the ancient civilization of many cultures where some artifacts remained—particularly the constructions of pyramids, paintings, sphinx, obelisk and others in Africa-Egypt, Ethiopia, Tanzania Mexico, Mayan civilization, Babylonia, Greek and other great civilizations of the world; are believed to be built by humans but, with the assistance of aliens. This argument is supported by the fact that those buildings were impossible to be constructed by people with no civil engineering, architecture skills. Furthermore the advanced knowledge they had such as the science of surgery, mummifications and others was not encompass with the time.

The Creation Theory

This is the most known theory and teachings promulgated by the so-called Abrahamic religions—Jews, Christianity and Islam; whereas as they both believe that humans like all other things, were created by God. The prowess of this theory is based on the fact revealed by the Holy Spirit or God to the chosen prophets for the Old Testaments and in Quran as well as to disciples in the New Testament. These religions reveal the truth that God or Allah created human beings in his image and likeness; in the book of Genesis Chapter three, God creates Adam and Eve as the first human beings. God seems to know humans since before the conception. For instance, in the origin of humans, Prophet Muhammad says: 

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful: By what heaven and the Morning Star —Ah, what will tell thee what the Morning Star is! —The piercing Star!

No human soul but hath a guardian over it. So let man consider from what he is created. He is created from a gushing fluid that issued from between the loins and ribs.

This shows that humans were created by God by using fluids exists between the loins and ribs. In all books we see common characteristics that God is creating humans. So it concluded that God created humans. So humans were created together with other things—the universe. One of the unique scenarios is the interplay of relationship between God and the created humans that is unconditional love of God who created humans without any external forces. According to this belief, humans have free will since their creation. It illuminates the responsibilities of Humans to their God, because he created them in order to be moral and submissive to him so that they can go to heaven. When they go against it, they punished and doomed to the hell. So humans are necessarily belongs to God. For instance Aquinas confirm that God’s creative activity is itself aimed at an end, and God brings into being creatures who are defined by their characteristic ends. And since the different sorts of creaturely being are simply different ways of imitating God, creatures participate in the divine goodness by attaining their characteristic ends. 

Other Religions

Apart from Abrahamic religions, there do exist other religions—Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Confucianism and other; that also tried to show some origin of humans and possibly their end. Unlike the Abrahamic religions, these religions do not seemed to embrace the supreme God. Actually they have more than one God and some they do not have one, such as Confucianism. 

Taoism

Taoism teachings is found in the book Tao Te Ching that written by the great Chinese spiritual, Lao Tse, more than 2500 years ago. In that incarnation, Lao Tse was a disciple of non- incarnate Huang Di, he reached the full spiritual self-realization. Currently, Lao Tse is helping the incarnated people spiritually. The doctrine of Taoism is concerned with living in harmony with nature, or more precisely in harmony with the natural laws of the universe. Salvation and enlightenment are to be found, not in the achievements and endeavors of neither the society, nor the doctrines and dogmas of education and organized religion. One lives in harmony with the Tao, not by resisting or trying to overcome the world, but by accepting and yielding to the forces around one. Where a powerful but rigid oak tree may be split by a hurricane, a blade of grass bends with the wind and survives undamaged. The experienced waterman survives dangerous seas not by fighting against a current stronger than he, but by swimming with it, unresisting, until he is out of danger.

Buddhism

It founded in the late 6th century B.C.E by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha). However, Buddhism has no idea of neither one God nor about the creation of humans by God but rather they believe that humans are the their mind, body and stream of consciousness. Buddhism subscribes to the principles of karma, rebirth, and impermanence. They purport that the Buddha and all humans have their origin in the nature of Buddha—the Buddha mind or emptiness. This emptiness refers to the source of all existence. It sometimes referred as enlightenment potential. There are many Buddhas who some of them are god–like. Buddhism stands for a disregard for self and materialism, instead emphasizing subsequent lives and the eventual deliverance from the eternal cycle of life and suffering which is human existence.

Taoism and Buddhism are embracing one to detach, from the world style of living such as selfishness and ego. They are emphasizing people to struggle to reach the spirit with loftier principles. Confucianism is about harmony with the society. As Nerlich show:

Confucianism wholeheartedly embraces human relationships, social structures, and commerce. It concerns itself with standards of social behavior, morals and virtues in copious low level detail, contrasting again with the principles and truths of Buddhism and Taoism, which are small in number but transcendental in scope. The teachings of Confucius are set down in a number of classic texts, most notably the Spring and Autumn annals and the Analects of Confucius, the latter being a large collection of aphorisms on all aspects of life, including government, politics, morals, and religion. The teachings emphasize virtue and morality in government, righteousness, respect within families, and proper conduct in social situations.

This asserts the way Confucianism differs with other religions. It even not seemed to subscribe to any divine God. It looks like a certain code of conduct of the Chines society. This is the reason why for many years Chinese practice the teachings of Confucius without elevating him to God.  

Hinduism

The Hindu's teachings and doctrine contend that God created humans and humans are supposed to have mutual relationship with the divine in order to achieve the highest good. For instance in the book Baghavad Gita which is part of epic Mahabharata, Krishna says; “God created humankind together with the law of sacrifice. He said at that, “Prosper through sacrificial deeds! Let it be desired by you! “Satisfy the Divine with your sacrificial deeds — and it will satisfy you! By acting for its sake, you will achieve the highest good.” This shows how the created humans are also responsible to satisfy God by offering him the sacrifice.

Sikhism

Sikhism believes that God is present everywhere, in us — as well; yet the veil of ego separates us from Him...The egoistic mind cannot comprehend moral principles... and it makes the depressed soul walk blindly in darkness, never reaching the Goal. Egoism blocks the path of spiritual growth. The mind of an (ordinary) person is always in a chaotic state. It has five vices: lust, anger, greed, attachment, pride, and arrogance — or egoism (ego- centrism). 

Ancient Myths on the Nature and Creation of Humans 

Since ancient times, there were some myths that show the concept of gods and how humans came to be. It has been argued that most of ancient gods were normal humans who demonstrated some intelligence and supernatural power. For instance, Thoth Hermes Trismegistus was identified as god in Egypt, Greek and Babylon. For instance in Biographia Antiqua, Francis Barrett confirms:

“If God ever appeared in man, he appeared in him, as is evident both from his books and his pymander; in which works he is communicated the sum of the Abbys, and the divine knowledge to all posterity; by which he has demonstrated himself to have been not only an inspired divine…obtaining his wisdom from God and heavenly things, and not from man.”

 As I have argued above, for a person to be elevated to god’s status might show some extra powers. For instance, Hermes demonstrated highly intelligence to the extent that he wrote more than twenty thousand books. Other author like Manetho adds this number to more than thirty six–thousand. In order to emphasize this, it is argued that Hermes contributed both arts and science knowledge to the people; among others, he revealed—medicine, chemistry, law, arc, astrology, music, rhetoric, magic, philosophy, geography, mathematics like geometry, anatomy, as well as oratory. These myths are found in some great cultures such as Greeks, Romans, Sumerians, Mayans, Babylonians Egypt, Assyrians and others. Most of these great cultures have specific world-view as well as their specific gods. For example, Greeks had god Zeus, Egypt had god Osiris and Ra, Babylonians had god Marduk and so on. Furthermore some gods like Hermes appeared to more than one culture sometimes in different identifications. For instance it is argued that Hermes was known as Enoch to Jews, and Toth to Egyptians.

However, some societies like the Australian aborigines had no concept of gods as one supreme God but rather that gape was taken by the system “totemism”.  According to Sigmund, the totem refers to the rule an animal (whether edible and harmless or dangerous and feared) and more rarely a plant or natural phenomenon (such as rain or water) which stands in a peculiar relation to the whole clan. Nevertheless, it is argued that ancient myths from Babylon, Egypt and Greco-Roman have great contributions to many contemporary religions as well as western culture in general, not only in divinity but also in science, astronomy, mathematics and others. For instance, Ptolemy’s second century AD Almagest, confirms that “the basis for all theoretical astronomical models in Christian and Muslim worlds until the sixteenth century, was fully was fully rooted in Babylonian roots, which the Alexandrian author knew directly or through earlier Hellenistic writings.” Marcus Cicero, Ptolemy and other classical authors have happily acknowledged that the debt they owned by Babylonians as founders of the science of astronomy.

Nevertheless, myths are considered to exist early before religion, to the extent that it acts as a foundation for it. There are some factors that support this argument as follows; firstly, myths have existed long time ago before religions. Secondly, some myths stories are found in some religions as the revelation truths. For instance the creation story of Adam and Eve in Abrahamic religions is also found in furthermore the story of floods and Noah’s Ark, is related to that of Atlantean civilization given by Plato in —Critias and Timeus.   For instance, in Timeus Plato argued that:

“But afterwards there occurred violent earthquakes and floods; and in a single day and night of rain all your warlike men in a body sank into the earth, and the island of antlantis in like manner disappeared, and was sunk beneath the sea. And that is the reason why the sea in those parts is impassable and impenetrable, because there is such a quantity of shallow mud in the way; and this was caused by the subsidence of the island. 

This highlights the flood’s story found in the Bible-that there is once upon time before written of the Bible, the Atlantis race was destroyed less or more the same way.

Third, myths had taboos that originated from animals, places and objects that together formed the rituals of their traditional religions. It follows that many religions imitate those practices and ideas as holly instruments in mass and some rituals, holly places for pilgrimage, holly ministers/people/saints who stand as the mediation to God and so on. 

Apparently, in these cultures there are different ideas about the origin and nature of humans. One of the famous story is found in Babylonians whereas, it existed Anu’s family on Nibiru—Brown dwarf planets, and later on his son Enki and his younger brother Enlil came on the Earth in 5000 years later 445,000 to speed up the gold recovery process on Earth specifically in vicinity of the Zambezi river, South Africa. The gold were needed for the purpose of repairing the ailing atmosphere. 

It is however, believed that semi-gods like Anunnaki and his sons—Enlil and Enki; made humans in the laboratories, so that they would work for them in gold mines. According to Sumerian text Anunnaki created other 7 prototypes of humans, but they were not as perfect as humans due to the fact that they lacked intelligence that caused them not to understand well the instructions. It is argued that, the aim of Anunnaki was to create specie of humans who could understand one thing— to do physical tasks without asking any thing including their origin, the nature of creators, as well as the reason for being created. Apparently, using the combination of Anunnaki genes and the DNA, of existing human race, was used to create humans by blending clay found in abundance in Sumer, currently Iraq. However, the idea found in Abrahamic religions about humans being created by soil; as it is articulated in the Quran in which clay is understood as dirty in Arabic also clay becomes “germ.” The Quran contends that “Is man not aware that we created him from a little germ?” according to Lafayette, due to this fact it is clear that Islamic text was written in accordance with Sumerian-Anunnaki scriptures containing the following—“we first created man from an essence of clay; then placed him a living germ in a secure enclosure. The germ we made a clot of blood, and the clot a lump of flesh. This was fashioned into bones, and then clothed the bones with flesh...” Meanwhile, Clark agrees with Lafayette when he quotes the Atrahasis Tablet 1 (37, pg. 13-15) that: 

“…Belet-ili the womb goddess is present—Let her create primeval man so that he may bare the yoke, so that he may bare the work of Ellil…Nintu or (Belet-ili) made her voice heard, and spoke to the great gods, “it is not proper for me to make him. The work is Enki’s; he makes everything pure. If he gives me clay, then I will do it.” Enki made his voice heard and spoke to the great gods, on the first, seventh, and fifteenth of the month I shall make purification by washing. Then one god should be slaughtered. And the God should be purified by immersion. Nintu shall mix clay with his flesh and blood. Then a god and a man will be mixed together in clay.”

This passage, not only shows that gods created humans by using clay, but also it purports that human’s nature has some elements of gods. Furthermore, I have noticed that the story that God could die by being slaughtered for purifications purpose, god to have family/children as it is pointed out by some religions, such as Christianity, it is not new narrative as we have seen above that Anunnaki had children—Enki and Enlil, and that Enki together with Nintu (the medical officer also known as Ninharsag) are creators of all Humans.

According to Sumerians, approximately 415,5000 years ago established medical center for providing health care support for the space travelling—Niburian astronauts. Enki’s half-sister Ninharsag established this health center. Actually, this delineates the presence of astronauts in ancient Sumeria. Furthermore, there is an explanation about certain creatures called the miners Igigi, or Watchers, as referred by the lost book of Enoch. These creatures they were apparently very advanced relative to humans. The evidence that Anunaki and his sons (gods) existed on earth has proven astrologically, biologically, technically as well as documentarily. For instance, in great Old Babylonian Version (OBV) of the clay tablet, has recorded ancient tales dated to 1936-1901 BCE. Also, according to the Sumerian records, Marduk, the first-born son of Enki, was the national deity of Babylon, and was at the height of his reign at approximately 2000 BCE.

Humans as a combination of Atoms

The Vaisheshika believes that the world must come from atoms since the character of a material cause is reproduced in its effects, so there must be some element of the causes in the effects. In this sense, it follows that humans, like other animals and things, are product of atoms that join together to form bodies. They believe that these atoms are in forms of four elements—water, fire, air and earth; that determine the state of liquidity/fluidity, solidity, heat, and motion. Jains shows:

For the Jains, the smallest imperceptible part of matter is the atom, of which there are four kinds—air, fire, water and earth. The combination of these atoms leads to the ordinary objects with which we are familiar. It may be that this theory comes from a version of Buddhist materialism, which defines the atoms in terms of solidity, fluidity, heat and motion, the basic aspects of physical reality. There are corresponding atoms that make up human beings, and these are the cognitive, emotional, volitional and perceptual. All these atoms change all the time, and they constitute what we call people and material objects.

Despite the fact that this idea came to be repeated later on by Democritus, it is not very substantial as some critics opines that it is difficult to explain how those atoms are linked up. 

Conspiracy Theories about Aliens and Humans 

There are as many conspiracy theories of the existence of aliens, the mysterious creatures from other outer spaces. These creatures are said to resemble the look of humans but they have big head, narrow jaws and big eyes. The level of intelligence is estimated to be higher than that of humans. 

Furthermore, aliens are said to infuse in secrete the intelligences and special skills to some people such as scientists, engineers, leaders and others in order to come up with unique scientific principles and other creative ideas which help advanced development of humans world. For example, the Igigi and miners Watchers in gold mining as well as to dig out some infrastructure—canals, clearance of channels, the lifelines of the land. Together with this, it has been argued that the gods created Tigris, Euphrates and mountains.

However, despite the fact that Babylonians astronomers, known as Chaldeans, received the intensive training from families since their childhood, they also received knowledge form gods as in the period known as the age-old as reported by Diodorus in the book; Library of History. Furthermore, it is argued that Aliens are cooperating with humans to construct the unusual artifacts such as Pyramids, Obelisks, and Sphinx, as it has confirmed by Clark; “…Anunnaki placed on their primitive workers, providing them with the intelligence to follow instructions in the mines. Furthermore, there are other complex technological facts that are contradicting the known abilities of their civilization, as it is illustrated:

“…Examples include hieroglyphs from the Egyptian temple of Abydos depicting rockets, airplanes, submarines, and even and advanced helicopter that looks similar to the United States AH-64 Apache Helicopter. There is also a Iraqi battery find, precision stone masonry and architecture using megalithic stones. Of all the building material accessible for a culture, why choose the most difficult material possible? Massive 1000-ton plus stone blocks? The trilithon stones of Baalbek, Lebanon come to mind…one of the most intriguing finds was the temple of Hathor atop the Biblical Mount Sinai. Within the temple was found a strange white talcum powder that was apparently a result of smelting gold as it turned out. These find led to the re-discovery of mono-atomic gold by David Hudson.  These room’s temperature superconductors have anti-gravity properties and have been postulated to have been leveraged to move the large stone blocks used in temple construction.”

In some religious, books like Bible in Genesis 6:1–4, there is story about the fallen Angels or sons of God to have sexual relations with humans women, and they begetting the children known as Nephilim, who looked more or less different to humans: “And when the Angels of God saw the daughters of men that they were beautiful, they took unto themselves wives of all of them whom they chose.”  Moreover, in Atrahasis tablets written during the Old Babylonia period dated to 1700 BCE, there is story of and the Sumerian flood account that is more or less reflects the Genesis 6 that prepares the background scene in Enlil perspective. It is claimed that Hebrew priest who held captive in Babylon, copied the true story of the great flood but choose to placate Enlil as their chosen monotheistic ancient astronaut god. Nevertheless, Unlike in Genesis 6:5, Enlil was not involved in creation of humans, but rather Enki and Ninmah However, the interesting story is that even the “plant of knowledge of good and evil” was present in Sumerian stories whereas, Enki tells lies that Adapa (Adam) would die if he ate the plant in garden of Eden, and because Enki tells Adapa truth that he could not die but actually he would have became one of them (gods), this is why Enki is symbolized as a snake.  

 Nevertheless, in Babylonia Philo says that some philosophers regarded those beings as demons, but Moses usually calls angels: and their souls hovering in the air. This asserts the confusions exist among people concerning those beings. Back to the children of angels and daughters of the men, were said to be giant than other humans. However, despite this fact, it is good to pose some questions. One of them is; Were they aliens? Had they demonstrated an extra intelligence than other humans?

Apart from that, there are other stories about the presence of some creatures who known as gins “jinni” in Swahili and Arab too; that is common term in the Bible and Quran, but mostly in the Quran. According to Islamic theology—these beings they believed to be created by fire. So they do not have physical bodies like ours, and they can switch into different look and bodies. They are living with us in our places, at the masjid and all over the places. Furthermore, among the Gins there are those who are good and those who are bad——to be used for the good fortunes and evil respectively. But interesting story is that, humans are able to keep Gins in order to use them in different intensions, sometimes there is a story that Gins would accord people to wealthy, fortunes, power, even husband or wife. So here we see that humans are superior to Gins. But still we have the same question—are Gins aliens?

These stories inform that people think of aliens as beings who have some mixing genes or some closer relations to humans. 

Maybe this is the reason why Silver, in Humans are not from Earth-A Scientific Evaluation of the Evidence for and (mostly) against man’s evolution on Planet Earth; when he is trying to demonstrate the possibilities of Humans as not created but rather they could had come from other planets. He purports that humans share DNA similarities with other plants and animal species. For instance we share 45 percent of our DNA with bananas, 60 percent with the fruit fly, and its commonly reported that we share percent with chimpanzee, and 98 percent to pigs. 

It is evident that since long time, from time to time has reported some events associated with magical creatures supposed to be Aliens, Angels, Ghosts, Spirits or the so called gin or Un-Identified Object (UFO’s) people who encountered these events they are believed to be transformed whether positively or negatively. Actually, scientific objects such as radar or satellites Area have spotted some of those events. However the author of Introduction to the Alien Races Book is proposing that whenever you encounter with Aliens; engage with them, follow them and learn from them. 

Humans: The Rational beings

Since the time of Aristotle, Humans is said to be a rational beings, something that makes the uniqueness and essence of man. Although in our contemporary era, the modern human is know as Homo sapiens sapiens from Homo sapiens. This modern human is believed to have wider brain and high capacity of reasoning, to the extent that he/she will live on data–ism and his body switched to cyborg interplay functions under AI technology and the logarithm of Internet-of All-Things Harari argued that “humans want to merge into the data flow because when you are part of the data flow you are part of something much bigger than yourself.” 

For instance, It has been noticed that through modern technology, we are able to observe evolutionary change over thousands of generations in real time. This is possible in microbes like bacteria, which can divide as often as once every twenty minutes. Sherrington, Eccles and Penfield conceived of human beings as animals in whom—the mind, which they thought of as the bearer of psychological attributes, is in liaison with the brain. Furthermore, Eccles and Penfield perceive human being as a psychophysical unity, an animal that can perceive, act intentionally, reason, and feel emotions, a language-using animal that is not merely conscious, but also self-conscious—not a brain embedded in the skull of a body. The aspect of self-conscious and language using to humans distinguishes by far humans with other beings.

However, there are still great question about if humans are the only rational species in the universe? This question has got different responses from time to time. Some scholar thinks that there are possibilities of existing other rational beings or minds apart from humans. But in order one to arrive to this conclusion he or she has firstly postulates another questions about what is the rationality of rational humans? Or what does it take for a human to be rational? Actually, what humans differ from other beings like animals is his or her ability to reason, which makes humans to transcend in thinking from known to unknown. Humans have abstract minds to go beyond the empirical data and create principles.  Some creatures like animals are said to have rationality, but in actual sense it is not rationality rather than the reactions to the situations. They have only an sensible intuitive and they just operate under memory and not reason—this is a reason why a dog cannot notice that its owner or any known person to it, would continue to be good all the times. Furthermore, animals have no capacity to recognize artificial substance unlike humans who have rational intuition. The attentive mind is very unique feature that distinguishes humans with other animals.

Moreover, the existence of other rational beings than and apart from humans, creates some confusions since as it has argued by Kant, Lonergan, Locke, Hume and others—humans knowledge begins with sense data, so in order one to apprehend humans knowledge s/he should have physical body with organs for knowledge.

Darwinism Theory (Evolution)

After many assumption, theories and tales concerning the origin of humans and other species, one of the notable scientists—Charles Darwin came with Organic Evolution theory. This theory denotes the fact that living things including humans change over generation. It has been argued that Darwin aimed to banish spirit from universe and determines the infinite and omnipresent mind itself synonymous with the all known power of a mechanic or impersonal nature. Agnosticism and Neo-Hegelianism was the product of this idea. Other philosophers who influenced by Darwin’s theory were; Karl Marx, Psychologist Sigmund Freud, who think that evolution theory and psychoanalysis theory of him, contributed a lot to the affront mankind’s naïve egoism. Due to their ideas we can talk about naturalistic philosophy of the middle of the last century, whereas nature, environment, history, evolution and growth; were the key words. Naturalists believed that humans are the part of nature. 

Actually, the way pre-Socratic philosophers distanced themselves from ancient mythological explanations and based on natural explanations of the process of nature—Darwin distanced himself from church’s views about the creation of man and other creatures. For instance he believed that mankind was the result of a slow biological evolution, and Freud studies about unconscious shows that people’s actions were often the result of animal urges or instincts; and Marx revealed that human ideologies were a result of a basis of society Apparently, in Evolution theory, Darwin suggest that all vegetable and animal forms were descended from earlier, more primitive forms by way of a biological evolution. He also attested that evolution was the result of natural selections, whereas the survival for the fittest is applied. 

Nevertheless, unlike Darwin, Herbert Spencer in First Principle, under his philosophic influence—Spencerianism as a philosophic positivism, purports that evolution is an ever-increasing complexity with equilibrium as its highest possible state. Spencer contends that life is the continuous activity from homogeneity to heterogeneity and the vise versa. Life requires the internal and external adjustment of relations. It is not a surprise for Spencer to demonstrate this argument, because even his understanding of Deity—“God is infinity intelligence, infinitely diversified through infinite time and infinite space, manifesting through infinitude of ever–evolving individualities.” This understanding attests the non-personalization of God, and so everything like argued by Giovanni Vico—God controls the world through natural law and not miracle. 

Nevertheless, despite popularity and mileage of Darwinism theory in scientific world and social realm, it is difficulty to decipher the noticed substantial gape from spiritual to physical fact about the origin of species as far as human beings are concerned with their full potentials. Darwin never explicitly explains how physical evolution would impact spiritual or immaterial changes of the creatures like humans. On top of that, one of prominent philosopher of our time—Dennett, opines that Darwin theory failed to deal with essential point of gene that makes difficulty for natural selection to happen. Dennett argued that “Darwin had no proper unity of heredity …he supposed that, offspring would always exhibit a sort of blend or average of their parents features.” Now, Dennett poses the question that wouldn’t such “blending inheritance” always simply average out all differences turning everything into uniform gray? How could diversity survive such relentless averaging? Thanks to Dennett by bringing in this critical question concerning the missing essential point of gene and the possibility of natural selection. I think that Darwin knew this challenge but he decided not to deal with it. 

Critical View Humans are Natural Beings

Despite the facts and narratives that suggested about origin and nature of humans, I have some different opinions. After some critical reflection, I argue that humans are necessarily natural beings, and here, technically; I dispute that if humans were made somewhere in lab, then it wouldn’t make any sense that the material used to construct humans, are no where to be seen in any high tech lab, industries etc, so that people can buy and continue to make humans. In spite of big efforts made in science and technology today, such as—robotic technology, still almost all technologies are just imitating the work of nature. For instance, robotic technology uses structure, silicone materials, and actions like that of humans. Moreover, the world has never witnesses any scientist who is able to create natural oxygen, blood, flesh, and lively consciousness instead of artificial intelligence that has no any critical thinking. Also, another argument is that if humans were made in lab with some men from other galaxy, what is that that they have to be conceived for some couple of specific months in order to be born? However, I am quite aware about the current technology of in vitro fertilization (IVF) whereas a skin cell can be used to make humans in lab, but again you see that, there are must be a natural process of human’s cells to be used. I argue that those creatures that made humans would have specific number of humans, and probably, they could have already perished due to lack of succession of races. Notwithstanding, humans would appear from that lab while they are already matured beings for working.

Religious creation story has a lot of questions to ask less or more like previous one. As we have seen Adam and Eve story resembles with the Sumerian story of Adapa. The idea of making humans by Annu’s family reflects the way God create Adam and Eve. So to me I contend that believers should take that creation story that found in Abrahamic religions serious, because it serves the best explanation on how and why humans and the universe was created. Apparently, it is not hard for them because they use faith as their method. 

Nevertheless, evolution theory of Darwin has got big scientific sounds and credits but, as I have demonstrated above, it falls short to the substantial issue of physical evolution to spiritual one. Apart from that, Darwin did not tackle the how natural selection is possible without gene? The continuation of races’ varieties still brings a lot of questions about this theory. Despite that, it is factual true that organisms do change and acquires new structure and look.

Conclusion

       In this work, I have tried to argue about the origin and nature of man apart from the famous one of creation. I have also show that the subject about nature of humans is controversy, as it does not rely into single source. However, evolution theory of Darwin created dichotomy of religious world and scientific worldviews, although both sides demonstrated some weaknesses. I think that, this subject need to be more researched and explored because the current myths we have do not satisfy fundamental questions that are posed by modern human beings. I live this as an open debate for intellectuals and scholars to research more for the benefit of humanity. Currently, the existing myths, understanding about the origin of humans should still be of importance until we arrive to the truth we are searching for.